Collagen Related Research Papers and Clinical Studies

 

Want to know more about the science of collagen?

Below is a list of compiled research papers and clinical trials relating to collagen supplementation related to general health areas.

 

Healthy Aging

Alemán A, Giménez B, Montero P, Gómez-Guillén MC. Antioxidant Activity Of Several Marine Skin Gelatins. LWT – Food Science And Technology. 2011;44(2)407-413. Doi: 10.1016/J.Lwt.2010.09.003,  https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0023643810003051

Azzarà A, Carulli G, Sbrana S, Rizzuti-Gullaci A, Minnucci S, Natale M, Ambrogi F. Effects Of Lysine-Arginine Association On Immune Functions In Patients With Recurrent Infections. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 1995;21(2):718  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7555612/

Beguin A. A Novel Micronutrient Supplement In Skin Aging: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Study. J Cosmet Dermatol 2005; 4(4): 277-84. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17168877/

Borumand M, Sibilla S. Daily Consumption Of The Collagen Supplement Pure Gold Collagen® Reduces Visible Signs Of Aging. Clin Interv Aging. 2014 Oct 13;9:1747-58. Doi: 10.2147/CIA.S65939. ECollection 2014. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4206255/

Brett D. A Review Of Collagen And Collagen-Based Wound Dressings. Wounds. 2008;20(12). Http://Www.Woundsresearch.Com/Content/A-Review-Collagen-And-Collagen-Based-Wound-Dressings

Chai HJ, Li JH, Huang HN, Li TL, Chan YL, Shiau CY, Wu CJ. Effects Of Sizes And Conformations Of Fish-Scale Collagen Peptides On Facial Skin Qualities And Transdermal Penetration Efficiency. J Of Biomed And Biotech. 2010 Article ID 757301, 9 Pages. Doi:10.1155/2010/757301. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20625414/

Choi SY, Ko EJ, Lee YH, Et Al. Effects Of Collagen Tripeptide Supplement On Skin Properties: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Study. J Cosmet Laser Ther 2014; 16(3): 132-7.

De Luca C, Mikhal’chik EV, Suprun MV, Papacharalambous M, Truhanov AI, Korkina LG. Skin Anti-Ageing And Systemic Redox Effects Of Supplementation With Marine Collagen Peptides And Plant-Derived Antioxidants: A Single-Blind Case-Control Clinical Study. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016;2016:4389410. Doi: 10.1155/2016/4389410.

Edgar, S., Hopley, B., Genovese, L., Sibilla, S., Laight, D., & Shute, J. (2018). Effects of collagen-derived bioactive peptides and natural antioxidant compounds on proliferation and matrix protein synthesis by cultured normal human dermal fibroblasts. Scientific Reports (Nature Publisher Group), 8, 1-13. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-28492-w https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-28492-w

Ennaas N, Hammami R, Gomaa A, Bédard F, Biron É, Subirade M, Beaulieu L, Fliss I. Collagencin, An Antibacterial Peptide From Fish Collagen: Activity, Structure And Interaction Dynamics With Membrane. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2016 Apr 29;473(2):642-7.

Figueres Juher T, Basés Pérez E. [An Overview Of The Beneficial Effects Of Hydrolysed Collagen Intake On Joint And Bone Health And On Skin Ageing]. Nutr Hosp. 2015 Jul 18;32 Suppl 1:62-6. Doi: 10.3305/Nh.2015.32.Sup1.9482. Article In Spanish.

Gauza-Włodarczyk M, Kubisz L, Mielcarek S, Włodarczyk D.Comparison Of Thermal Properties Of Fish Collagen And Bovine Collagen In The Temperature Range 298-670K. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2017 Nov 1;80:468-471. Doi: 10.1016/J.Msec.2017.06.012.

Gannon MC, Nuttall JA, Nuttall FQ. The Metabolic Response To Ingested Glycine. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;76(6)):1302-1307.

Genovese L, Corbo A, Sibilla S. An Insight Into The Changes In Skin Texture And Properties Following Dietary Intervention With A Nutricosmeceutical Containing A Blend Of Collagen Bioactive Peptides And Antioxidants. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2017;30(3):146-158. Doi: 10.1159/000464470. 

Hays NP, Kim H, Wells AM, Kajkenova O, Evans WJ.Effects Of Whey And Fortified Collagen Hydrolysate Protein Supplements On Nitrogen Balance And Body Composition In Older Women. J Am Diet Assoc. 2009 Jun;109(6):1082-7. Doi: 10.1016/J.Jada.2009.03.003.

Holwerda AM, van Loon LJC. The impact of collagen protein ingestion on musculoskeletal connective tissue remodeling: a narrative review. Nutr Rev. 2022 May 9;80(6):1497-1514. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab083. PMID: 34605901; PMCID: PMC9086765. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9086765/#nuab083-B11 

Proksch, E. Oral Supplementation Of Specific Collagen Peptides Has Beneficial Effects On Human Skin Physiology: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2014b;27(1):47-55. Doi: 10.1159/000351376.

Proksch E, Schunck M, Zague V, Segger D, Degwert J, Oesser S. Oral Intake Of Specific Bioactive Collagen Peptides Reduces Skin Wrinkles And Increases Dermal Matrix Synthesis. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2014a;27(3):113-9. Doi: 10.1159/000355523.

Scala J, Hollies NRS, Sucher KP. Effect Of Daily Gelatine Ingestion On Human Scalp Hair. Nutrition Reports International 1976;13(6):579–592.

Sibilla S, Godfrey M, Brewer S, Budh-Raja A, Genovese L. An Overview Of The Beneficial Effects Of Hydrolysed Collagen As A Nutraceutical On Skin Properties: Scientific Background And Clinical Studies. The Open Nutraceuticals Journal, 2015;8:29-42.

Sripriya R, Kumar R. A Novel Enzymatic Method For Preparation And Characterization Of Collagen Film From Swim Bladder Of Fish Rohu (Labeo Rohita). Food And Nutrition Sciences 2015;6(15): Article ID:61421,11 Pages 10.4236/Fns.2015.615151

Thein DJ, Hurt WC. Lysine As A Prophylactic Agent In The Treatment Of Recurrent Herpes Simplex Labialis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1984 Dec;58(6):659-66.

Watanabe-Kamiyama M, Shimizu M, Kamiyama S, Et Al. Absorption And Effectiveness Of Orally Administered Low Molecular Weight Collagen Hydrolysate In Rats. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58(2): 835-41.

Tyson TL. The Effect Of Gelatin On Fragile Fingernails. Journal Of Investigative Dermatology. 1950;14:323–325.

Zhu CF, Li GZ, Peng HB, Zhang F, Chen Y, Li Y. Treatment With Marine Collagen Peptides Modulates Glucose And Lipid Metabolism In Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, And Metabolism 2010;35(6):797-804.

Yamada S, Nagaoka H, Terajima M, Tsuda N, Hayashi Y, Yamauchi M. Effects Of Fish Collagen Peptides On Collagen Post-Translational Modifications And Mineralization In An Osteoblastic Cell Culture System. Dent Mater J. 2013; 32(1): 88–95.

 

Gut & Digestive Health Benefits

Abrahams, M ; O'Grady, R ; Prawitt, J, 2022, Effect of a Daily Collagen Peptide Supplement on Digestive Symptoms in Healthy Women: 2-Phase Mixed Methods Study. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35639457

Chen, Qianru ; Chen, Oliver ; Martins, Isabela M ; Hou, Hu ; Zhao, Xue ; Blumberg, Jeffrey B ; Li, Bafang, 2017, Collagen peptides ameliorate intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in immunostimulatory Caco-2 cell monolayers via enhancing tight junctions. CAMBRIDGE: Royal Soc Chemistry
Food & function, 2017, Vol.8 (3), p.1144-1151. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28174772/

 

Beauty Nutrition – Skin, Hair and Nail Health

Asserin, J., Lati, E., Shioya, T. & Prawitt, J. The effect of oral collagen peptide supplementation on skin moisture and the dermal
collagen network: evidence from an ex vivo model and randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials. J Cosmet. Dermatol. 4, 291–330
(2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26362110/

Chai, HJ., Li, JH., Huang, HN., Li, TL., Chan YL., Shiau, CY., Wu, CJ. (2010) Effects of size and conformations of fish-scale collagen peptides on facial skin qualities and transdermal penetration efficiency. Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2010, 1-8.

Doris Hexsel MD,Vivian Zague PhD,Michael Schunck PhD,Carolina Siega BSc,Fernanda O Camozzato MD,Steffen Oesser PhD, 2017,  Oral supplementation with specific bioactive collagen peptides improves nail growth and reduces symptoms of brittle nails,   https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jocd.12393

Proksch, Segger, Degwert, Schunck, Zague, Oesser, 2013, Oral intake of specific bioactive collagen peptides reduces skin wrinkles and increases dermal matrix synthesis. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24401291/

Bolke, Schlippe, Gerß and Voss , 2019, A Collagen Supplement Improves Skin Hydration, Elasticity, Roughness, and Density: Results of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Blind Study. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6835901/

Svokgaard, Jensen & Sigler, 2006, Effect of a Novel Dietary Supplement on Skin Aging in Post-menopausal Women. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16670692/

De Luca, Mikhal'chik, Suprun, Papacharalambous, Truhanov, Korkina, 2016, Skin Antiaging and Systemic Redox Effects of Supplementation with Marine Collagen Peptides and Plant-Derived Antioxidants: A Single-Blind Case-Control Clinical Study. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26904164/

Duteil, Roussel, Bruno-Bonnet and Lacour, 2018, Effect of Low Dose Type I Fish Collagen Peptides Combined or not with Silicon on Skin Aging Signs in Mature Women. https://juniperpublishers.com/view-reprints.php?rid=33

Chai HJ1, Li JH, Huang HN, Li TL, Chan YL, Shiau CY, Wu CJ. Effects of Sizes and Conformations of Fish-Scale Collagen Peptides on Facial Skin Qualities and Transdermal Penetration Efficiency. J of Biomed and Biotech. 2010 Article ID 757301, 9 pages. doi:10.1155/2010/757301.

Mintz, GR., Reinhart, GM., Lent, B. (1991) Relationship between collagen hydrolysate molecular weight and peptide substantivity to hair. Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists 42, 35-44

Sibilla S, Godfrey M, Brewer S, Budh-Raja A, Genovese L. An Overview of the Beneficial Effects of Hydrolysed Collagen as a Nutraceutical on Skin Properties: Scientific Background and Clinical Studies. The Open Nutraceuticals Journal, 2015;8:29-42.

Gauza-Włodarczyk M, Kubisz L, Mielcarek S, Włodarczyk D.Comparison of thermal properties of fish collagen and bovine collagen in the temperature range 298-670K. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2017 Nov 1;80:468-471. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.06.012.

Sripriya R, Kumar R. A Novel Enzymatic Method for Preparation and Characterization of Collagen Film from Swim Bladder of Fish Rohu (Labeo rohita). Food and Nutrition Sciences 2015;6(15): Article ID:61421,11 pages 10.4236/fns.2015.615151

Watanabe-Kamiyama M, Shimizu M, Kamiyama S, et al. Absorption and effectiveness of orally administered low molecular weight collagen hydrolysate in rats. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58(2): 835-41.

Azzarà A, Carulli G, Sbrana S, Rizzuti-Gullaci A, Minnucci S, Natale M, Ambrogi F. Effects of lysine-arginine association on immune functions in patients with recurrent infections. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 1995;21(2):71-8.

Thein DJ, Hurt WC. Lysine as a prophylactic agent in the treatment of recurrent herpes simplex labialis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1984 Dec;58(6):659-66.

Genovese L, Corbo A, Sibilla S. An Insight into the Changes in Skin Texture and Properties following Dietary Intervention with a Nutricosmeceutical Containing a Blend of Collagen Bioactive Peptides and Antioxidants. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2017;30(3):146-158. doi: 10.1159/000464470.

Proksch E, Schunck M, Zague V, Segger D, Degwert J, Oesser S. Oral intake of specific bioactive collagen peptides reduces skin wrinkles and increases dermal matrix synthesis. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2014a;27(3):113-9. doi: 10.1159/000355523.

Beguin A. A novel micronutrient supplement in skin aging: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study. J Cosmet Dermatol 2005; 4(4): 277-84.
Choi SY, Ko EJ, Lee YH, et al. Effects of collagen tripeptide supplement on skin properties: A prospective, randomized, controlled study. J Cosmet Laser Ther 2014; 16(3): 132-7.

De Luca C, Mikhal’chik EV, Suprun MV, Papacharalambous M, Truhanov AI, Korkina LG. Skin Anti-ageing and Systemic Redox Effects of Supplementation with Marine Collagen Peptides and Plant-Derived Antioxidants: A Single-Blind Case-Control Clinical Study. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016;2016:4389410. doi: 10.1155/2016/4389410.

Borumand M, Sibilla S. Daily consumption of the collagen supplement Pure Gold Collagen® reduces visible signs of aging. Clin Interv Aging. 2014 Oct 13;9:1747-58. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S65939. eCollection 2014.

Scala J, Hollies NRS, Sucher KP. Effect of daily gelatine ingestion on human scalp hair. Nutrition Reports International 1976;13(6):579–592.

Tyson TL. The effect of gelatin on fragile fingernails. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 1950;14:323–325.

Proksch, E. Oral Supplementation of Specific Collagen Peptides Has Beneficial Effects on Human Skin Physiology: A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2014b;27(1):47-55. doi: 10.1159/000351376.

Ennaas N, Hammami R, Gomaa A, Bédard F, Biron É, Subirade M, Beaulieu L, Fliss I. Collagencin, an antibacterial peptide from fish collagen: Activity, structure and interaction dynamics with membrane. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2016 Apr 29;473(2):642-7.

Hays NP, Kim H, Wells AM, Kajkenova O, Evans WJ.Effects of Whey and Fortified Collagen Hydrolysate Protein Supplements on Nitrogen Balance and Body Composition in Older Women. J Am Diet Assoc. 2009 Jun;109(6):1082-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2009.03.003.

Brett D. A Review of Collagen and Collagen-based Wound Dressings. Wounds. 2008;20(12). http://www.woundsresearch.com/content/a-review-collagen-and-collagen-based-wound-dressings

Gannon MC, Nuttall JA, Nuttall FQ. The metabolic response to ingested glycine. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;76(6)):1302-1307.

Zhu CF, Li GZ, Peng HB, Zhang F, Chen Y, Li Y. Treatment with marine collagen peptides modulates glucose and lipid metabolism in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 2010;35(6):797-804.

Yamada S, Nagaoka H, Terajima M, Tsuda N, Hayashi Y, Yamauchi M. Effects of fish collagen peptides on collagen post-translational modifications and mineralization in an osteoblastic cell culture system. Dent Mater J. 2013; 32(1): 88–95.

Alemán A, Giménez B, Montero P, Gómez-Guillén MC. Antioxidant activity of several marine skin gelatins. LWT – Food Science and Technology. 2011;44(2)407-413. doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2010.09.003

 

Healthy Living & Wellness

Dybka K, Walczak P. Collagen Hydrolysates as a New Diet Supplement. Food Chemistry and Biotechnology 73:1058; 2009.

 

Liu D, Nikoo M, Boran G, Zhou P, Regenstein JM. Collagen and Gelatin. Annu. Rev. Food Sci. Technol. 6; 2015. p. 527–57.

 

Watanabe-kamiyama M, Shimizu M, Kamiyama K, Taguchi Y, Sone H, Morimatsu F, Shirakawa H, Furukawa Y, Komai M. Absorption and Effectiveness of Orally Administered Low Molecular Weight Collagen Hydrolysate in Rats. J. Agric. Food Chem. 58; 2010. p. 835–41.

 

Oesser S, Seifert J, Adam M, Babel W. Oral Administration of 14C Labeled Gelatin Hydrolysate Leads to an Accumulation of Radioactivity in Cartilage of Mice (C57/BL). The Journal Nutrition 129; 1999. p. 1891–5.

 

Johnson, J, 2020, What are the benefits of bone broth? Medically reviewed by Katherine Marengo LDN, R.D. Medical News Today, https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323903.

 

McDonnell, K RD, 2020, Bone Broth: How to Make It and 6 Reasons Why You Should, Health Line, medically reviewed by Miho Hatanaka, RDN, L.D. https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/bone-broth

 

Wu, G; Bazer, FW; Burghardt, RC; Johnson, GA; Kim,SW; Knabe, DA; Li, P; Li, X; McKnight, JR; Satterfield, MC and Spencer, TE,  Proline and hydroxyproline metabolism: implications for animal and human nutrition, Amino Acids. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2013 Sep 15.Published in final edited form as:
Amino Acids. 2011 Apr; 40(4): 1053–1063. Published online 2010 Aug 10. doi: 10.1007/s00726-010-0715 z. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3773366

 

Weight Management

Schunck, Zague, Oesser and Proksch, 2015, Dietary Supplementation with Specific Collagen Peptides Has a Body Mass Index-Dependent Beneficial Effect on Cellulite Morphology. Journal of Medicinal Food. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4685482/

 

Zdzieblik, Oesser, Baumstark, Gollhofer and König, 2015, Collagen peptide supplementation in combination with resistance training improves body composition and increases muscle strength in elderly sarcopenic men: a randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Nutrition. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4594048

 

Joint & Bone Health

Bello and Oesser, 2006, Collagen hydrolysate for the treatment of osteoarthritis and other joint disorders: a review of the literature. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17076983/

Clark, K. L., Sebastianelli, W., Flechsenhar, K. R., Aukermann, D. F., Meza, F., Millard, R. L., . . . Albert, A. (2008). 24-Week study on the use of collagen hydrolysate as a dietary supplement in athletes with activity-related joint pain. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 5(1), 24. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18416885/

De Luca, C., Mikhal'chik, E. V., Suprun, M. V., Papacharalambous, M., & Truhanov, A. I. (2016). Skin Antiageing and Systemic Redox Effects of Supplementation with Marine Collagen Peptides and Plant-Derived Antioxidants: A Single-Blind Case-Control Clinical Study. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2016, 4389410. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26904164/

Guillerminet, F., Beaupied, H., Fabien-Soulé, V., Tomé, D., Benhamou, C.-L., & Roux, C. (2010). Hydrolyzed collagen improves bone metabolism and biomechanical parameters in ovariectomized mice: An in vitro and in vivo study. Bone, 46(3), 827–834. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19895915/

Jiang, J.-X., Zhu, X.-L., & Zhan, L.-B. (2018). Collagen peptides improve knee osteoarthritis in elderly women: A 6-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Agro Food Industry Hi Tech, 29(1), 5–10. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24852756/

Ling Zhang, Siqi Zhang, Hongdong Song and Bo Li , 2018, Effect of Collagen Hydrolysates from Silver Carp Skin (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) on Osteoporosis in Chronologically Aged Mice: Increasing Bone Remodeling. Nutrients, 2018, Vol.10 (10), p.1434 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30287779/

Kimira Y, Ogura K, Taniuchi Y, Kataoka A, Inoue N, Sugihara F, et al. Collagen-derived dipeptide prolyl-hydroxyproline promotes differentiation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. 2014, Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 453: 498-501 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25285626/

König, Oesser, Scharla, Zdzieblik and Gollhofer, 2018, Specific Collagen Peptides Improve Bone Mineral Density and Bone Markers in Postmenopausal Women—A Randomized Controlled Study. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5793325/

Kumar, S., Sugihara, F., Suzuki, K., Inoue, N., & Venkateswarathirukumara, S. (2015). A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, clinical study on the effectiveness of collagen peptide on osteoarthritis. International Journal of Medical Sciences, 12(6), 490–497. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24852756/

Vollmer, D. L., West, V. A., & Lephart, E. D. (2018). Enhancing skin health: By oral administration of natural compounds and minerals with implications to the dermal microbiome. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(10), 3059. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6213755/

Yamada, Shizuka, et al. “Effects of fish collagen peptides on collagen post-translational modifications and mineralization in an osteoblastic cell culture system.” Dental materials journal 32.1 (2013): 88-95. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23370875/

Zdzieblik, Oesser, Gollhofer and König (2017) Improvement of activity-related knee joint discomfort following supplementation of specific collagen peptides. January 2017 Applied Physiology Nutrition, Joint and Bone Health and Metabolism 42(6) DOI:10.1139/apnm-2016-0390. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312876710_Improvement_of_activity-related_knee_joint_discomfort_following_supplementation_of_specific_collagen_peptides

 

 

Sports Nutrition

The AIS Sports Supplement Framework. https://www.ais.gov.au/nutrition/supplements. Collagen is listed as a Group B supplement within the framework.

 

Dressler, Patrick ; Gehring, Dominic ; Zdzieblik, Denise ; Oesser, Steffen ; Gollhofer, Albert ; König, Danie, 2018, lImprovement of functional ankle properties following supplementation with specific collagen peptides in athletes with chronic ankle instability, Turkey: Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. Journal of sports science & medicine, 2018, Vol.17 (2), p.298-304

 

Kim, Hye Kyung ; Kim, Myung-Gyou ; Leem, Kang-Hyun, 2013, Osteogenic activity of collagen peptide via ERK/MAPK pathway mediated boosting of collagen synthesis and its therapeutic efficacy in osteoporotic bone by back-scattered electron imaging and microarchitecture analysis, Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2013, Vol.18 (12), p.15474-15489

 

Kristine L Clark 1, Wayne Sebastianelli, Klaus R Flechsenhar, Douglas F Aukermann, Felix Meza, Roberta L Millard, John R Deitch, Paul S Sherbondy, Ann Albert,2008, 24-Week study on the use of collagen hydrolysate as a dietary supplement in athletes with activity-related joint pain. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18416885/

 

Ishijima T, Hashimoto H, Satou K, et al. The different effects of fluid with and without carbohydrate ingestion on subjective responses of untrained men during prolonged exercise in a hot environment. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2009;55(6):506-510.

 

Liu, JunLi ; Zhang, Bing ; Song, ShuJun ; Ma, Ming ; Si, ShaoYan ; Wang, YiHu ; Xu, BingXin ; Feng, Kai ; Wu, JiGong ; Guo, YanChuan ; Tsilibary, Effie C., 2014, Bovine collagen peptides compounds promote the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts. PloS one, 2014, Vol.9 (6), p.e99920-e99920

Carbohydrate – the facts. AIS, Australian Sports Commission 2014. Viewed 26 May 2014, http://www.ausport.gov.au/ais/nutrition/factsheets/basics/carbohydrate__how_much

Hall AH, Leveritt MD, Ahuja KD, et al. Coingestion of carbohydrate and protein during training reduces training stress and enhances subsequent exercise performance. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2013;38(6):597-604.

Burke L, Deakin V. Clinical sports nutrition. 4th edition. McGraw-Hill, 2010.

Nielsen FH, Lukaski HC. Update on the relationship between magnesium and exercise. Magnes Res 2006;19(3):180-189.

 

Co-factors for Promoting Collagen Synthesis

Shaw, Lee-Barthel, Ross, Wang and Baar, 2016, Vitamin C-enriched gelatin supplementation before intermittent activity augments collagen synthesis. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27852613/

 

Collagen for Pet Health 

Hasan Gencoglu, Cemal Orhan, Emre Sahin & Kazim Sahin , 4 April 2020, Undenatured Type II Collagen (UC-II) in Joint Health and Disease: A Review on the Current Knowledge of Companion Animals. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Turkey. Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Turkey. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/4/697/htm.

Simón Martí-Angulo, Núria García-López &Ana Díaz-Ramos, 2014 December, Efficacy of an oral hyaluronate and collagen supplement as a preventive treatment of elbow dysplasia. Journal of Veterinary Science. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4269601/.

Michael Schunck, Helen Louton & Steffen Oesser, July 2017, The Effectiveness of Specific Collagen Peptides on Osteoarthritis in Dogs-Impact on Metabolic Processes in Canine Chondrocytes. Collagen Research Institute, Kiel, Germany.Department of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Animal Welfare, Animal Behavior, Animal Hygiene and Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany. Open Journal of Animal Sciences. https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=77445.